Publications

Report from round-table: The objective of the round-table discussion was to increase the understanding of the existing legal framework, military utility as well as the environmental and humanitarian effects of incendiary weapons, with a particular focus on white phosphorus munitions, through exchange of knowledge and experience between interdisciplinary global experts

Armed conflicts can severely impact the environment, posing risks to human health and ecosystems. In 2024, NPA and CEOBS conducted a pilot study in southern Ukraine to explore pollution from explosive weapons and military activities on soil and water resources. Our report sheds light on the environmental consequences of war, including substantial pollution, infrastructure damage, and potential threats to agriculture.

The primary purpose of this study from 2007 by C King Associates Ltd (CKA), Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI) and NPA was to examine the performance of the M85 bomblet in combat conditions, because this specific bomblet had become the symbol of a proposed approach to solve the problems that cluster munitions cause. The study concluded that the failure rate in combat was higher than expected, likely around 10%.

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The guide is an effort to establish common definitions of beneficiaries of mine action activities, drawing from best practices in mine action programmes worldwide.

Can drones be used as a tool to detect mines and explosives in mine-affected areas?

The use of explosive weapons with wide area effects in populated areas (EWIPA) creates an unacceptably high risk of indiscriminate harm.